Technology & Operations

Technology & Operations

Safety Assurance for Autonomous Vessels: An Accessible Explanation

Autonomous and remotely operated ships challenge traditional maritime safety frameworks by removing the crew from the ship and transferring safety responsibilities to systems, software, and shore-based operators. To obtain regulatory approval under IMO MSC.1/Circ.1455, autonomous vessels must demonstrate a level of safety equivalent to that of conventional ships.
This article provides an accessible explanation of an integrated safety assurance methodology based on Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), conventional risk analysis, and simulation-based verification. Using a real autonomous ship development project as reference, it illustrates how safety goals can be systematically decomposed, verified, and traced throughout the system lifecycle, offering a practical framework for safety equivalence demonstration in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS).

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